Fluorination of activated aromatic systems with Selectfluor™ F-TEDA-BF4 in ionic liquids

Selectfluor™ was shown to be soluble in ionic liquid, thus allowing the ‘green’ electrophilic fluorination of activated aromatic systems compounds in high chemoselectivity and yields.     

Determination of pesticides fenoxycarb and permethrin by sequential injection chromatography using miniaturized monolithic column

Sequential injection chromatography system equipped with miniaturized 10 mm monolithic column was used for fast simultaneous determination of two pesticides—fenoxycarb (FC) and permethrin (PM). The system was composed of a commercial sequential injection analysis (SIA) system (FIAlab^® 3000, 6-port selection valve and 5.0 mL syringe pump), commercially available column Chromolith™ RP-18e (10 mm × 4.6 mm i.d.) (Merck^®, Germany) and CCD UV-vis detector (USB 2000, Ocean-optics) with 1.0 cm Z-flow cell, absorbance was monitored at 225 nm. The mobile phase used for analysis was acetonitrile/water (60:40, v/v), flow rates were 0.6 mL min⁻¹ for elution of fenoxycarb and 1.2 mL min⁻¹ for elution of permethrin. For each analysis 4.8 mL of mobile phase was used. The chromatographic resolution between both compounds was >8 and analysis time was <6.5 min under the optimal conditions. Limits of detection were determined at 2.0 μg mL⁻¹ for fenoxycarb and 1.0 μg mL⁻¹ for permethrin. Samples were prepared by diluting with mobile phase and injected volume was 10 μL for each analysis. Developed method was applied to analysis of both pesticides in veterinary pharmaceutical foams and sprays ARPALIT^® Neo (Aveflor, Czech Republic). SIC method was compared with validated method (HPLC, reverse phase 100 mm monolithic column, gradient elution).     

考虑税收因素的供应链融资策略研究

针对由处于不同税区的一个资金受限零售部门和一个制造部门形成的两级供应链,考虑税率差异带来的节税机制,通过建立斯塔克尔伯格博弈模型,分析了税收因素对银行信用融资和商业信用融资下供应链中各融资参与主体的最优决策、融资策略和供应链协调的影响。研究指出,当零售部门具备税率优势时,最优融资策略为银行信用融资;当制造部门具备税率优势且优势较大时,最优融资策略为商业信用融资,反之为银行信用融资。此外,供应链协调程度随制造部门税率优势的增大而增加。文中通过数值分析检验了相关结论,相关研究结论对税收秩序深刻调整背景下供应链中资金受限部门融资策略的选择具有一定借鉴意义。     

中国经济全球化进程的基本判断

经济全球化是世界经济发展的重要趋势.近些年来,我国的经济全球化程度有了很大的提升.在"金砖四国"中,我国的经济全球化程度居首位.但是与发达经济体相比较,中国经济全球化水平还存在很大的差距,特别是在"人员联系"和"信息技术"两个指标方面,还需要进一步提高,当然这也是我国经济进一步全球化的潜力所在.     

Bilateral representation of trade for inter- regional models

A representation of trade is given for an inter-regional model in which the origin and destination of exports and imports of each commodity traded can be tracked. This representation retains the structure of the original model (i.e. one with trade ‘pools’ undifferentiated by origin or destination) in that the same algebraic and computational tools can be used, with minor modifications. Scenarios that can be studied with this formulation but not with the original one are presented.     

强化物理学意识 普及物理学知识--2005世界物理年

在纪念爱因斯坦的“奇迹年”(1905)100周年之际，2005年已被称为“世界物理年”(WTP），2005世界物理年的一系列重大活动的目的在于提高世界范围内公众的物理学意识与广泛普及物理学的科学知识，本文对2005世界物理年进行了描述，讨论了1905年在科学史上的重要性，也简要介绍了2005世界物理年的国际方案以及欧洲物理学会(EPS)、美国物理学会(APS)、中国物理学会(CPS)与各国物理学会的活动计划等。     

贸易条件影响因素的综合分析

收入贸易条件是衡量一国贸易利益的重要指标，但收入贸易条件无法说明贸易条件的改善是由于出口商品结构优化附加值提高，还是由于低价促销带动出口数量增长，也无法表明一国出口商品的实际竞争能力。本通过建立出口商品竞争能力的评价公式，对我国二十世纪八十年代以来的出口能力系数变化进行实证研究，以期更准确地反映我国对外贸易利益的变化。     

对外贸易与宁波经济发展的关系

亚洲金融危机之后，宁波乃至全国的外贸都面临严峻的考验，在这种条件下，中国政府提出扩大内需的措施来缓解不利的经济发展环境。宁波的对外贸易乘数逐渐减少，出口对经济的牵动作用下降。良性发展的经济不是仅仅依靠国内市场或国际市场，而是应充分利用国际、国内两个市场、两种资源，通过两个市场的发展，共同促进宁波经济的发展。本文拟通过对宁波对外贸易发展现状的实证分析，指出宁波应重视国内市场，真正实现国内市场与国外市场的互动，实现国内需求与国外需求的同时增长，带动整个宁波经济的发展。     

协调分析法在出海物流通道决策中的应用

在分析影响出海物流成本和物流时间的因素的基础上 ,创建出海物流通道选择决策的指标体系 ,并利用层次分析法对各指标的权重进行计算 .以长春—日本新泻间的出海物流为例 ,利用创建的指标体系和经过处理后的原始数据 ,根据协调分析原理建立出海物流通道的决策模型 ,通过对模型计算结果的分析 ,对出海物流通道进行了决策     

An inventory model under two levels of trade credit and limited storage space derived without derivatives

This paper tries to incorporate both Huang’s model [Y.F. Huang, Optimal retailer’s ordering policies in the EOQ model under trade credit financing, J. Oper. Res. Soc. 54 (2003) 1011–1015] and Teng’s model [J.T. Teng, On the economic order quantity under conditions of permissible delay in payments, J. Oper. Res. Soc. 53 (2002) 915–918] by considering the retailer’s storage space limited to reflect the real-life situations. That is, we want to investigate the retailer’s inventory policy under two levels of trade credit and limited storage space. Furthermore, we adopt Teng’s viewpoint [J.T. Teng, On the economic order quantity under conditions of permissible delay in payments, J. Oper. Res. Soc. 53 (2002) 915–918] that the retailer’s unit selling price and the purchasing price per unit are not necessarily equal. Then, an algebraic approach is provided and three easy-to-use theorems are developed to efficiently determine the optimal cycle time. Some previously published results of other researchers can be deduced as special cases. Finally, a numerical example is given to illustrate these theorems and managerial insights are drawn.